Product Name: N-Butanol
Chemical Name: n-Butyl Alcohol
Synonyms: 1-Butanol, Butan-1-ol, Butyl alcohol
CAS Number: 71-36-3
Recommended Use: Manufacturing solvents, chemical intermediates, coatings, disinfectants, and cleaners.
Manufacturer Information: Usually provided on the container label; includes company name, address, and emergency phone number.
Classification: Flammable liquid, Acute toxicity (oral, inhalation, dermal), Serious eye damage/irritation, Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Catches fire easily; causes skin and eye irritation; may damage organs through single exposure; may be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin.
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark, health hazard
Precautionary Statements: Stay away from heat, sparks, open flames. Wear gloves, goggles, and protective clothing. Do not breathe vapors or mist. Wash hands after handling.
Chemical Name: N-Butanol
Concentration: 99% or greater
CAS Number: 71-36-3
Other Ingredients: Trace impurities (generally under 1%) that do not significantly alter properties.
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air; keep comfortable; call a physician if breathing feels difficult or symptoms persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; rinse skin with running water; seek medical help for irritation.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes slowly and gently with water for several minutes; lift eyelids occasionally; remove contact lenses if present and easy; see medical care.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; do not induce vomiting; seek medical advice promptly; never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Main Symptoms: Nausea, headache, dizziness, eye or skin irritation, central nervous effects with large exposures.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water fog.
Unsuitable Media: Do not use a straight water stream.
Hazards: Burns with an invisible flame; produces toxic gases (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide) on combustion; vapor may travel far.
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear.
Special Advice: Cool exposed containers with water; evacuate area if necessary; prevent runoff from entering drains.
Spill Procedures: Eliminate ignition sources; ventilate area; contain spill with inert absorbent (sand, earth); transfer material to sealed drum for disposal.
Personal Protection: Wear gloves, eye protection, and solvent-resistant clothing; use a respirator if needed.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from entering waterways; notify local environmental authorities if large spill occurs.
Clean-up: Wash contaminated area with water after material pick-up; remove all sources of ignition until the area is safe.
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas; avoid breathing vapors; ground all equipment; keep away from static discharge; wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers; place in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and flames; segregate from strong acids, oxidizers; keep away from food and drink.
Storage Class: Flammable liquid storage according to local fire codes.
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 100 ppm (300 mg/m³); ACGIH TLV: 20 ppm (skin notation).
Engineering Controls: Use mechanical exhaust for workplace ventilation; install explosion-proof equipment.
Personal Protection: Wear splash goggles, resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), flame-resistant clothing, safety shoes.
Respiratory Protection: Use a respirator with organic vapor cartridge if ventilation is not enough.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before eating or drinking; remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Characteristic alcohol odor
Odor Threshold: 0.2 - 10 ppm
pH: Not applicable
Melting Point: -89°C (-128°F)
Boiling Point: 117.7°C (244°F)
Flash Point: 35°C (95°F) closed cup
Evaporation Rate: 0.6 (butyl acetate=1)
Flammability: Flammable liquid and vapor
Upper/Lower Explosive Limits: 1.4% - 11.2% (vol.)
Vapor Pressure: 6.7 mmHg at 20°C
Vapor Density: 2.6 (air=1)
Specific Gravity: 0.81 (water=1)
Solubility: 7.7 g/100 ml in water at 20°C; mixes with many organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 0.88
Autoignition Temperature: 343°C (649°F)
Decomposition Temperature: Data not available
Viscosity: 2.95 mPa.s at 20°C
Chemical Stability: Remains stable under normal temperatures and pressure
Reactivity: Avoid strong oxidizers, acids, and bases; reacts with aluminum with hydrogen formation.
Hazardous Decomposition: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, irritating fumes.
Polymerization: Does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Conditions to Avoid: Sparks, flames, excessive heat, static discharge.
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat) ≈ 790 mg/kg; LD50 (dermal, rabbit) ≈ 3400 mg/kg; LC50 (inhalation, rat, 4h): 8000 ppm
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Health Effects: May cause headache, nausea, dizziness, narcosis, irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; large exposures depress central nervous system, can lead to unconsciousness.
Chronic Effects: Prolonged skin contact dries and cracks skin; repeated high exposures may affect liver and kidneys.
Sensitization: Not considered a sensitizer.
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as a carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA.
Reproductive Effects: Animal studies suggest potential developmental toxicity with high exposures.
Mutagenicity: Not expected to cause genetic damage.
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms in concentrated spills; LC50 (fish, 96h): 1376 mg/L (Pimephales promelas).
Persistence and Degradability: Biodegrades in the environment rapidly; not expected to bioaccumulate.
Mobility: High mobility in soil; will leach into groundwater if released.
Other Adverse Effects: Large releases can lower oxygen levels in water, threaten aquatic life.
Environmental Fate: Volatilizes from water and soil into air, breaks down in the atmosphere over several days.
Methods: Send waste to a licensed chemical disposal facility; avoid pouring down drains or into the environment.
Regulations: Comply with all federal, state, and local waste disposal laws.
Container Disposal: Triple rinse empty containers; puncture and recycle or dispose under approved conditions.
Precautions: Do not cut or weld on empty drums.
UN Number: UN 1120
Proper Shipping Name: Butanols
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: III
Environmental Hazards: Not a marine pollutant under current transport regulations.
Special Transport Provisions: Apply DOT, IMDG, and IATA regulations; keep containers tightly closed and upright during transport.
OSHA: Classified as hazardous.
SARA Title III: Section 311/312 - Fire hazard, Acute health hazard; Section 313 - subject to reporting.
TSCA: Listed in the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act inventory.
Canada DSL: Present.
EU: Classified as a dangerous substance per Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP/GHS).
California Prop 65: Not listed as a chemical known to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity.
Other Regulations: Comply with applicable workplace and environmental safety standards in your region.
